In a typical pressurized piping system, the entire cross-section of the conduit is occupied by fluid and flow is driven primarily by a pressure difference. However, in certain cases like drains and sewers, the conduit’s cross-section is filled only up to a specific depth. These flows, referred as partially full pipe flows, are explored in …
Partially Full Pipe Flow Calculator for Engineers Read More »
Piping systems can be classified into two types based on the driving force that enables fluid flow: pressure-driven and gravity pipe flow. Pressure-driven systems rely on external forces like pumps to create a pressure difference, whereas gravity pipe flows utilize the force of gravity to move the fluid using its own weight. In this article, …
Schedule 40 steel pipe is the most commonly used schedule of steel pipe in gas and water line applications that require sufficient mechanical strength, range of operating temperature, and pressure tolerance that plastic pipes cannot handle. When working with steel pipes, one important aspect to consider is their pressure rating. This article provides comprehensive guidelines …
Pressure Rating of Schedule 40 Steel Pipe: Guidelines and Considerations Read More »
Polyethylene (PE) pipes are widely used for transporting fluids at low and medium pressure in various industries such as water and sewerage due to their versatility, durability, ease of installation, resistance to corrosion, competitive cost, and ability to be installed completely leak free. To ensure the quality and reliability of PE pipes, standards and specifications …
ASTM D3035: Standards and Specifications for Polyethylene Pipes Read More »
The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid. It plays a crucial role in fluid dynamics by helping describe the behavior of fluid flow and providing valuable insights into the different flow regimes. This article aims to explore the concept of the Reynolds …
Velocity and pressure are two crucial parameters that are used to characterize fluid flow in pipes. Hence, in order to design and optimize piping systems, it is important to understand the relationship between these two parameters. This article delves into the relationship between fluid velocity and pressure, and explores the underlying principles that relate them …
Understanding the Relationship Between Velocity and Pressure in Pipe Flow Read More »
Orifice plates are thin plates containing holes intended for the purpose of creating a restriction along a pipeline. This restriction serves to regulate flow or determine flow rate based on the pressure differential generated across the orifice. They are offered in various sizes to cater to specific applications, and this article explores the different sizes …
Fluid flow in pipes encounters two types of losses: major losses and minor losses. Major losses arise from frictional resistance along the pipe length caused by fluid viscosity and wall roughness, while minor losses result from components, fittings, and geometric changes along the flow path. This article specifically focuses on the loss coefficients related to …
Loss Coefficients: A Practical Guide for Engineers Read More »
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