Pumps are used to facilitate fluid movement in a wide range of applications including water distribution, HVAC, and manufacturing systems. Given their critical role in fluid transport and distribution, it is essential to optimize pump efficiency during system design and operation, as it directly impacts the system’s total energy consumption, operating costs, and environmental impact. …
The melting point is the temperature at which a solid substance transforms into its liquid phase. While many factors can influence the melting point of a substance, pressure is one of the most significant ones, therefore, understanding how pressure affects melting point can help us better comprehend the behavior of the substance under different environments. …
Cylindrical or spherical vessels are frequently utilized in industries as boilers or tanks for storing pressurized fluids. Because of the pressure inside and outside of the vessel, the vessel material experiences loading from all directions. Hoop Stress Derivation When a vessel is subjected to internal and external pressure, the resulting normal stresses are functions of …
As heat is applied to water (or any other liquid), the water will transition to steam. This vapor will exert pressure, and the point at which the pressure exerted by the water vapor is the same as the ambient pressure is called the boiling point. Therefore, with different ambient environments, the vapor pressure will be …
Hooke’s Law is a fundamental principle in physics that describes the behavior of spring and elastic materials, particularly how they deform in response to an applied force. The law is named after the English physicist Robert Hooke, who first proposed it in the 17th century. This article provides a complete guide to Hooke’s Law, including …
Compression springs are mechanical springs that deform under axial compressive load and revert when the load is removed. In mechanical systems, they can be used to either resist compressive forces, absorb shocks and vibrations, keep components apart, or store and release elastic energy as needed. This article tackles the different compression spring formulas in order …
Galvanic corrosion describes a process in which two (or more) dissimilar metals are used together, resulting in a corrosive process. A common application that may experience galvanic corrosion is using an attachment, such as a bolt, that is of a different metal than the primary structure, such as a beam. Cause Of Galvanic Corrosion Often, …
Manufacturers worldwide follow thread standards when manufacturing threaded components such as screws, nuts, bolts, pipes, and fittings. One such standard is the American National Standard Pipe Thread, more commonly called the National Pipe Thread (NPT)— a national technical standard for screw threads used on threaded pipes and fittings particularly in North America. NPT Thread Dimensions …
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